El proceso de integración de la Unión Europea y la evolución del concepto de autonomía estratégica hacia la autonomía estratégica abierta (2013-2024)

Abstract

The research elaborates a historical analysis of the evolution of the concept of strategic autonomy as part of the integration process of the European Union. Since 2013, the concept of strategic autonomy has functioned as a guiding political directive for the EU’s external action to defend its interests at the junctures of crises prevailing in the international system (these crises have been both economic and geopolitical). Starting in 2020, the EU implemented a new concept: open strategic autonomy. The research analyzes the Atlanticist orientation of the new concept and the EU’s refusal to maintain relations of economic dependence with third countries despite its firm defense of the principles of the free market and open economies.